Environmental Analysis by Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors

Electrochemical sensors represent the oldest type of chemical sensors and are widely present in chemical laboratories, industries, healthcare and in many aspects of our day life. During the past few decades biosensors mimicking biological receptors for the sake of analytical assessment have emerged as an extremely important and fruitful field in fundamental and applied electroanalytical chemistry. Research and routine analysis in environmental sciences have shown that electrochemical sensors and biosensors may supply useful information for solving problems from quite general to highly specific character, dealing with environmental pollution or many other questions in connection with (bio) geochemical cycles or fundamental environmental chemical processes. Environmental analytical chemistry is a multidisciplinary field requiring the cooperation of chemists, biochemists, physicists, engineers and many other specialists, a collaboration which defines and guarantees the development and applicability of robust and highly performing sensors for chemical analysis and environmental monitoring. The aim of this book is to give an overview on the role of electrochemical sensors in environmental chemical analysis and on their operating principles. It provides detailed information on the applicability of such sensors to the determination of all the different substances of environmental importance. It is designed on one hand as a textbook for students and teachers and on the other, as a manual for researchers and applied scientists and engineers who are fully or marginally confronted with problematics in context with environmental chemistry. Due to the multidisciplinary character the book overcomes varying viewpoints of different sciences and addresses to chemists, physicists, pharmacists, medical doctors, engineers and in fact to all who are interested, professionally or non-professionally, in the chemistry of our environment.