Politicization of Islam: Reconstructing Identity, State, Faith, and Community in the Late Ottoman State (Studies in Middle Eastern history) : reconstructing identity, state, faith, and community in th

Combining international and domestic perspectives, this book analyzes the transformation of the Ottoman Empire over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It views privatization of state lands and the increase of domestic and foreign trade as key factors in the rise of a Muslim middle class, which, increasingly aware of its economic interests and communal roots, then attempted to reshape the government to reflect its ideals.