Stereotype Threat : Theory, process, and application

Why do various racial, ethnic, religious, and gender groups differ in academic and job performance? Standard explanations for these disparities typically invoke either biological or socialization perspectives. Some argue that women and minorities are genetically endowed with inferior abilities, while others argue that members of these demographic groups are products of environments that frustrate the development of the skills needed for success. The research summarized in this book, however, suggests that subtle reminders of cultural stereotypes play a critical yet underappreciated role in interfering with intellectual performance and in creating an illusion of group differences in ability.