Identity and the case for gay rights : race, gender, religion as analogies

How should one chart a course toward legal recognition of gay rights as basic human rights? In this study, legal scholar David Richards explores the connections between gay rights and three successful civil rights movements - black civil rights, feminism and religious toleration - to determine how these might serve as analogies for the gay rights movement. Richards argues that racial and gender struggles are informative but partial models. As in these movements, achieving gay rights requires eliminating unjust stereotypes and allowing one's identity to develop free from intolerant views. Richards stresses, however, that gay identity is an ethical choice based on gender equality. Thus the right to religious freedom offers the most compelling analogy for a gay rights movement because gay identity should be protected legally as an ethical decision of conscience. David Richards argues that discrimination is like religious intolerance - denial of full humanity to individuals because of their identity and moral commitments to gender equality.