al-Imām Muḥammad ibn Idris al-Shāfiʻi's al-Risāla fī uṣūl al-fiqh : treatise on the foundations of Islamic jurisprudence

Written in the second Islamic century by al-Imam al-Shafi'i (d. 204AH/820AD), the founder of one of the four Sunni schools of law, this important work gives the fundamental principles of Islamic jurisprudence and its influence continues to the present day. During the early years of the spread of Islam, the exponents of Islamic legal doctrine were faced with the problems raised by ruling and administering a diverse and rapidly growing empire. In Medina and Kufa, as well as other cities of early Muslim rule, schools of law had to be developed, but it took the genius of Muhammad b. Idris al-Shafi'i, born in the year 150AH/767AD, to establish the principles by which the various legal doctrines could be synthesised into a coherent system. In the 'Risala', which laid down the basis for such a synthesis, al-Shafi'i established the overriding authority, next only to the Qur'an, of the 'Sunna' or example of the Prophet Muhammad as transmitted in the traditions.