The Major Histocompatibility System in Man and Animals

Introductory Remarks The Major Histocompatibility System..- 1 The Major Histocompatibility System in Man..- 1. Introduction.- 2. Serologically Defined Histocompatibility Antigens.- 2.1 Historical Remarks.- 2.2 Serology.- 2.3 The Definition of HLA Antigens.- 2.4 The Genetic Organization of HLA-A, B, and C Antigens.- 2.5 Phenotype and Gene Frequencies.- 2.6 Haplotype Frequencies.- 2.7 Linkage Disequilibrium.- 2.8 Cross-Reactivity.- 3. Lymphocyte-Defined Antigens.- 3.1 Historical Remarks.- 3.2 Genetics of MLC.- 3.3 Primed Lymphocyte Typing .- 4. Serological Definition of B-Cell-Specific Alloantigens.- 4.1 Historical Remarks.- 4.2 Methodology.- 4.3 Genetics of B-Cell Alloantigens.- 5. Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity.- 5.1 Methodology.- 5.2 Genetics of CML.- 6. Tissue Distribution of HLA Antigens.- 6.1 HLA-A and -B Antigens.- 6.2 HLA-D or Lymphocyte Activating Determinants.- 7. Surface Distribution of HLA Antigens.- 8. Biochemistry.- 8.1 Localization of H Antigens and Source for Their Purification.- 8.2 Assays Monitoring Activity of Soluble HLA Antigens.- 8.3 Extraction Procedures.- 8.4 HLA-A and -B Antigens in the Serum and Urine.- 8.5 HLA-C Antigens.- 9. HLA-D Antigen (B-Cell-Specific, HLA-D Locus-Linked Gene Products).- 10. Linked Loci and Mapping of the HLA Region.- 11. HLA and Transplantation.- 12. HLA-Disease Associations.- 12.1 Historical Remarks.- 12.2 Statistical Considerations.- 12.3 Groups of HLA-Associated Diseases.- 12.4 Models of HLA-Disease Associations.- 12.5 Genetic Considerations.- References.- 2 The Major Histocompatibility System of Subhuman Primate Species..- 1. Introduction.- 2. RhL-A, MHS of Rhesus Monkeys.- 2.1 Detection of Tissue Alloantigens.- 2.2 Biochemistry.- 2.3 Histocompatibility.- 2.4 MHC-Linked Immune Responses.- 2.5 Genetic Organization of the RhL-A System.- 3. ChL-A, the MHS of Chimpanzees.- 3.1 Detection of Tissue Alloantigens.- 3.2 Histocompatibility.- 3.3 Genetic Organization of the ChL-A System.- 4. Tissue Antigens of Other Subhuman Primates.- 4.1 Baboons.- 4.2 Other Primate Species.- 5. Similarities Among Tissue Antigens of Various Primate Species.- 5.1 Similarities Between Alloantigens of Man and Chimpanzee.- 5.2 Similarities Between Alloantigens of Rhesus Monkeys and Those of Other Primate Species.- References.- 3 The Major Histocompatibility System of the Dog..- 1. Introduction.- 1.1 The Dog as an Experimental Model.- 1.2 Short History of Dog Histocompatibility Systems.- 2. DLA Genetics.- 2.1 Nomenclature.- 2.2 Serologically Defined Antigens.- 2.3 Lymphocyte-Defined Antigens.- 2.4 Immune Response Genes.- 2.5 Allogeneic Resistance (R).- 2.6 Other Markers.- 2.7 Genetic Organization of DLA System.- 3. Transplantation Biology of DLA.- 3.1 Related Donor-Recipient Pairs.- 3.2 Unrelated Donor-Recipient Pairs.- 3.3 Blood Transfusions and Graft Survival.- 4. Minor Histocompatibility Systems.- 5. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 4 The Major Histocompatibility System of Cattle, Pig, Rabbit, and Syrian Hamster.- 4.1 The Major Histocompatibility System of Cattle. P. Iv i.- 4.1.1 Introduction.- 4.1.2 Blood Cell Chimerism, Immunological Tolerance, and Free Martinism in Cattle Twins.- 4.1.3 The Unknown MHS in Cattle.- 4.1.4 Cattle Alloimmune Sera Cross-Reacting with HLA Antigens.- 4.2 The Major Histocompatibility System of Pig. P. Iv i.- 4.2.1 Introduction.- 4.2.2 Blood Group Systems.- 4.2.3 The MHS in Pig: SL-A (SD) or PL-A (LD).- 4.3 The Major Histocompatibility System of Rabbit. P. Iv i.- 4.3.1 Introduction.- 4.3.2 Blood Groups and Histocompatibility.- 4.3.3 The Rabbit MHS.- 4.3.4 Rabbits Recognize H-2 and HLA Specificities.- 4.4 The Major Histocompatibility System of Syrian Hamster. W.R. Duncan, J.W. Streilein, and P. Iv i.- References.- 5 The Major Histocompatibility System of the Guinea Pig..- 1. Introduction.- 2. Serology.- 2.1 Methodology.- 2.2 Serological Characterization of Antigens Governed by Alleles of the First GPLA Locus (Locus B).- 2.3 Serologic Characterization of Antigens Identified by 13