Ameloblastoma of the Jaws : Surgeon's dilemma to follow conservative or radical approach

Ameloblastomas are uncommon benign odontogenic neoplasms that rarely become malignant. In most cases, radical surgery is the treatment of choice for solid or multicystic ameloblastomas. Although several articles have been published on the subject, little is known regarding the biological behavior of this tumor, and a careful clinical examination combined with a thorough imaging investigation to evaluate the general aspects of the lesions and its margins, as well as its internal architecture and its relationship to adjacent anatomical structures, can assist in treatment planning. This information coupled with the histopathological confirmation of the diagnosis will allow for the selection of the best individual therapeutic approaches, increasing the treatment efficacy in patients diagnosed with this tumor. There are numerous methods for treatment, including enucleation and/or curettage, marginal en-block resection or hemi resection (hemimaxillectomy or hemimandibulectomy), cryotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery - the most indicated treatment approach. Surgery is the only treatment for ameloblastoma, because of its resistance to radiotherapy.