Solar and Geomagnetic Indices Effects on Regional Surface Temperature

It is well known that the solar radiation output changes periodically and it affects the Earth and near-space environment in various ways, such as the formation of the aurora, adverse effects on satellites and communications, etc... By considering the historical evolution of the climate changes on the Earth, the cold period lasting from the second half of the 17th century to the beginning of the 18th century (1645-1715) is called "Little Ice Age", and the corresponding period of practically no activity on the solar surface, is called "Maunder Minimum". In contrary to this, the positive "Medieval Warm Period" (12th-14th centuries) appears to be less distinct evidence, mostly from the Western Europe, did not suggest that this was a global phenomenon (Mann et al., 1999).