Pastbishchnaya Ekologiya Severnogo Olenya I Ovtsebyka Na Ostrove Vrangelya : Kachestvo sredy obitaniya, pitanie i zhiznesposobnost' populyatsiy kopytnykh zhivotnykh v Arktike pri izmenenii klimata

Global'noe poteplenie klimata usilivsheesya v XX v. neodnaznachno otrazilos' na zhiznesposobnosti populyatsiy kopytnykh zhivotnykh adaptirovannykh k zhizni v Arktike. Nadzemnaya rastitel'naya massa na ostrove Vrangelya 11.5-21.0 ts/ga. Srednyaya nadzemnaya massa vysshikh sosudistykh rasteniy v avguste sostavlyaet 8.50.6 ts/ga , mkhov - 3.70.8 ts/ga, lishaynikov - 2.70.8 ts/ga. V svyazi s izmeneniem klimata porogovaya tverdost' snezhnykh prosloek, ogranichivayushchaya dostupnost' kormov, dlya severnogo olenya na ostrove Vrangelya sostavlyaet 189 kg/sm, dlya ovtsebyka - 96 kg/sm. Porogovyy pokazatel' moshchnosti snega dlya severnogo olenya raven 30 sm, dlya ovtsebyka - 23 sm pri tverdosti snega, ne prevyshayushchego porogovuyu velichinu. Naibol'shiy uroven' godichnogo potrebleniya nadzemnoy rastitel'noy massy v Yuzhnom landshaftno-klimaticheskom rayone dostigal 11-14%, v Tsentral'nom rayone - 10%. Ukhudshenie svoystv snezhnogo pokrova i pochti povsemestnoe ogranichenie dostupnykh dlya kormezhki ploshchadey katastroficheski otrazilos' na populyatsii severnogo olenya, chislennost' kotorogo s 2004 po 2007 gg. upala s 8-10 tys. do 450-500 golov. Chislennost' ovtsebyka ne velika, poetomu eti zhivotnye nakhodyat prigodnye dlya past'by uchastki i sokhranyayut chislennost'.