Vernier Effect for Optical Microring Resonator : Theory and Applications

Using Vernier effect for photonics circuits including micro ring resonators can increase the free spectral range (FSR) which contributes to embed large channel count in DWDM system and increase the capacity of optical system. In this book, the Vernier effect in the Z domain with signal flow graph method and Mason's rule is used to derive the optical transfer functions (OTF) for Vernier type multiple stages vertically coupled micro ring resonators (MSRR) and modified add-drop resonator (PANDA Vernier resonator). Moreover, a novel and feasible technique is introduced for faster determination of OTF in MSRR. The PANDA Vernier resonator is proposed as multifunctional optical device to achieve a wider FSR without increasing bending losses, an optical tools for ultra fast optical switching and a device for optical sensing applications.