Extraction of Phenolic Pollutants from Industrial Wastewater : Liquid -Liquid Equilibria and Thermodynamic properties of (Phenol and p-Chlorophenol)- Wastewater-Solvents Systems

Industrial wastewater including those from petrochemicals petroleum refining and coking plants contain appreciable amount of phenol or chlorophenols which have been identified as a hazardous compounds for many aquatic organisms by Environment Protection Agencies. Compliance with these stringent discharge limits and the most economic was of achieving this without loss of production has thus become a challenge to human ingenuity and responsibility. This has led to continued refinement of existing treatment technologies and recognition and development of promising emergent technologies like liquid-liquid extraction. This book consists of three chapters. The first one is the introduction which contains theoretical background of liquid-liquid extraction requirements of solvent used for extraction, general physical properties of the solvents and literature survey related with these solvents. The experimental part is presented in the second chapter including purification of solvents and chemicals used for this study. The third chapter contains results and discussion which includes the determination the ternary equilibrium diagrams and the mutual solubillities of the binodal curves.