Ghgs Emissions of Indonesia Agricultural Sector and Fertilizer Industry : Historical, Projection and Mitigation Options

As the biggest an agricultural country in South East Asia, GHGs emission of this Indonesian agricultural sector is most important emission source after energy and transport sectors. GHGs emissions of Indonesian agricultural within three decades increase on average 1.4% per year reached 88,625 Gg CO2 equivalents by 2002. This level is increase for 53% compared to emissions level in 1970. GHGs emission of Indonesian agricultural sector projected increase to be 105,288 Gg CO2 equivalents in 2020 if there are no mitigation actions, which primary crops and livestock sub-sectors still major emissions sources. On the other hand, the urea fertilizer plant releases much GHGs due to fossil fuel combustion and unutilized CO2 as over production during urea production. The energy audit carryout at five urea fertilizer plant shown that around 7,997 - 9,946 TJ per year of fossil fuel were consumed by urea fertilizer plant, where around half of them were utilized for natural gas reforming process. In this study three mitigation options were simulated to reduce of this sector. The simulation results show, the GHGs emission of Indonesian agricultural sector by 2020 can decrease up to 5.2%.