Problema Zagryazneniya Atmosfery Radionuklidami

Ekologicheskie problemy zagryazneniya atmosfery ves'ma aktual'ny dlya bol'shikh gorodov i krupnykh promyshlennykh regionov. V nastoyashchee vremya sil'no vozros nauchno-prakticheskiy interes k matematicheskomu modelirovaniyu protsessov zagryazneniya atmosfery radionuklidami v rayonakh atomnykh elektrostantsiy (AES). V dannoy rabote razrabotana matematicheskaya model' protsessa rasprostraneniya radionuklidov v atmosfere i rascheta doz oblucheniya, pozvolyayushchaya provodit' prognoznye raschety evolyutsii radiatsionnoy obstanovki v rayone AES. Model' bolee polno, chem v ramkakh drugikh poluempiricheskikh modeley, uchityvaet faktory, opredelyayushchie rasprostranenie radionuklidov v atmosfere i zagryaznenie podstilayushchey poverkhnosti, formirovanie individual'nykh doz oblucheniya. Sozdan programmnyy kompleks RADExpert, kotoryy prednaznachen dlya provedeniya prognoznykh raschetov rasprostraneniya radionuklidov i individual'nykh doz oblucheniya, operativnoy otsenki posledstviy vneshtatnykh situatsiy raboty AES s uchetom kharakteristik mestnosti, razlichnykh meteousloviy i radionuklidnykh sostavov vybrosov. Na primere Volgodonskoy AES bylo izucheno vliyanie meteorologicheskikh usloviy na protsess rasprostraneniya radionuklidov pri zaproektnykh avariyakh 1 i 2-go tipov.