Formoustoychivost' Shpal Iz Pressovannoy Drevesiny

V nastoyashchee vremya v mire 60 % zheleznykh dorog ispol'zuyut derevyannye shpaly. Ostal'noy protsent sostavlyayut zhelezobetonnye, i polimernye shpaly. Srok sluzhby sosnovoy shpaly sostavlyaet ne bolee 12 let, srok sluzhby zhelezobetonnykh shpal sostavlyaet okolo 50 let. Nedostatki prisushchi i zhelezobetonnym shpalam: otsutstvuet dempfernoe svoystvo u shpaly, iz-za chego proiskhodit razrushenie kolesnykh par sostavov; uvelichenie sluchaev porazheniya lyudey elektricheskim tokom vsledstvie khoroshey provodimosti toka zhelezobetonom; vynuzhdennye zameny iz-za iznosa amortizatsionnykh prokladok kazhdye 7-8 let, chto privodit k bol'shim zatratam pri ekspluatatsii shpal. Na lesosekakh Rossii ezhegodno sgnivaet poryadka 70 mln. m3 drevesiny myagkikh listvennykh porod bereza, osina, ol'kha. Shpala, izgotovlennaya iz pressovannoy drevesiny po svoim fiziko-mekhanicheskim pokazatelyam ne ustupaet derevyannoy, no srok sluzhby sushchestvenno vyshe, chem derevyannoy. Odnim iz osnovnykh nedostatkov uplotnennoy drevesiny yavlyaetsya nizkaya formoustoychivost' pri vozdeystvii vlagi i vody.Dlya povysheniya formoustoychivosti predlagaetsya propitat' drevesinu pered pressovaniem sostavom na osnove karbamidoformal'degidnykh soedineniy.