Apexification-Techniques and Trends : Management of Young Permanent Teeth

Traumatic injuries to the teeth constitute an important part of clinical odontology. It has been claimed that the volume represented by dental trauma and its sequelae within the anticipated future will probably exceed dental caries and periodontal disease2. Dental trauma carries with it the potential for profound and far-reaching consequences, both for the child and the patient.Dental injuries are common in childhood especially in the peaks relating to the first instance of toddler's stage infant mobility, and later to increasing adventurous games and activities. For many years, patients with teeth that were incompletely developed or had open apices with pulpal or periradicular involvement offered dentists a more difficult situation to treat. These patients were usually young and suffered trauma only shortly after the injured teeth had erupted causing pain to the child, mental anguish to the parents and a perplexing problem to the dentist.The open apex case occurs when trauma or decay causes pulp exposure and pulpal or periapical involvement prior to the completion of root development.