Application of Quantum Optics in Quantum Information : Quantum Phase and Entanglement Properties

In this book, we study the system that consists of a two 2-level atoms interacting with a single-mode or two-mode quantized radiation field in the absent or presence of the Stark shift. Both atoms are prepared initially in the exited state and the field in a coherent state. An analytical solution for the system of two identical 2-level atom is obtained. The phase distribution, phase variance and Wigner function are investigated. The influence of the Stark shift on the Wigner function and the phase properties is analyzed. We investigate the purity loss of the system and bipartite partitions of the system. The effects of the Stark shift on the purity loss of the system and different bipartite partitions of the system (field-two atoms, atom-(field+atom)) through the tangles are considered. In particular, the effect of the Stark shift on the amount of entanglement between atoms and field is evaluated by the negativity. Entanglement dynamics between the two atoms taking into account the effect of the emission is studied by using various measures of entanglement.