Games Focus in Language. Semantics, Syntax and Pragmatics Defocusing

The book examines the focus of attention shifts underlying the construction of linguistic meanings. It is shown that the distribution of the focus in the language as a whole follows the general laws of visual and auditory perception of objects, but to a large extent depends on the conventions of the "language games." It is shown that a special role is played by defocusing - the ability of using language means to lower the degree of separation of the various properties of objects. On a material of Russian and English languages describes universal mechanisms defocusing, which are manifested in lexical semantics, syntax and pragmatics. Analyzes the various linguistic phenomena - from abstract names and titles to indirect speech acts of evasion and narrative texts.