Essays on the History of Medieval Novgorod

Medieval Novgorod has always attracted the attention of researchers. For some, he was revered as the birthplace of the Russian monarchy. For others, it became a symbol of national aspiration and the cradle of democracy Veche. Large-scale archaeological investigations Novgorod in recent decades has multiplied the amount of sources on the history of the city and the state. Opening of birch-bark scrolls, the number of which is now nearing 1,000 allowed to hear the voices of Novgorod, who lived in the XI XV centuries, and solve many of the problems previously considered controversial. It became clear the mechanism of occurrence of the Novgorod boyars and boyar tenure. Clarified the stages of formation of the republican bodies of state administration. We denote the role of Novgorod in the European trade and cultural ties. Maximum clarify the role of the prince invited to Novgorod, whose activities were severely restricted. However, the crisis became clear veche system, came during the second half of the XV century, when the introduction to the power of the boyars in general has led to the disappointment of the Novgorod society in justice Boyar authorities that as easy as possible for the task of Ivan III annexation of Novgorod to Moscow. This event became the basis of the emergence of the Russian state. Coverage of these and many other problems in the history of medieval Russia This book is devoted to essays.